Analysis of offshore cash repatriation effects on USD and bank funding costs

Cross-asset implications of repatriation Repatriation should spur USD-buying — up to 40% may be non-USD denominated While few companies disclose the currency composition of their offshore cash, our FX team estimates that 60-75% is already in USD while 25-40% is non-dollar-denominated. (If we extrapolate based on the S&P 500’s geographic revenue exposure, the largest proportion could be in Europe, followed by emerging Asia.} This may result in upward pressure on the USD (which they estimate could amount to $250-$400bn if half of all offshore cash, which they estimate at ~$2tn, was repatriated). Their analysis of the EUR-USD during the last repatriation holiday suggests an “announcement effect” is likely, as the dollar strengthened ahead of the bulk of the actual repatriation flows. Repatriation could put upward pressure on bank funding costs Our rates team’s analysis of some of the largest multinationals with offshore cash suggests ~70% of cash is invested in securities with maturities greater than one year, with the remaining 30% having shorter maturities. See table below. They believe repatriation could put upward pressure on bank funding costs as firms reduce their holdings in these short-term investments. According to Crane Data on offshore money fund holdings, our rates team cites that $161bn of offshore funds are held in commercial paper and CDs, of which the majority are from financial institutions with Japan, France and Canada the largest issuers. Table 14: Offshore holdings and investment allocation for select firms Exhibit 2: Offshore money fund USD asset holdings (Sbn) as of 9/30/16 (see footnote) per BofAML Rates team (as published 12/9/2016) — —_— . is AGENCY, Allocation* $0.28 ; i = Cash & MMF 8% CP &CD 5% Repo, Tsy & Agy 35% Corporate 36% Non-US Sov 4% Other 12% Maturity of securities holdings** CD, $74.17 <ly 28% 1-5y 59% 5-10y 7% >10y 6% *Allocation = weighted avg of holdings across all company investments for AAPL, MSFT, CSCO, ORCL, GOOG, MRK, INTC and PFE. **Maturities = weighted avg. of holdings from MSFT, CSCO, GOOG, INTC. Source: BofAML Global Research, company 10Q’s Source: Crane data, BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research Potential beneficiaries: See Table 20 for a screen of companies with high (>10%) overseas cash to market capitalization ratios which could potentially benefit from repatriation. Border adjustment tax analysis A new tax policy outlined in the Blueprint proposal that has been getting a lot of attention recently is the border adjustment tax, or the application of border adjustments to a company’s imports and exports. While Trump has described the proposal as being “too complicated,” it is a key component of the Blueprint plan and should not be ignored. Additionally, White House press secretary Sean Spicer’s recent reference to “..the plan taking shape right now, using comprehensive tax reform as a means to tax imports from countries...” could be a sign that Trump is not as against the proposal his other comments would indicate. BankofAmerica <2” 12 Equity Strategy Focus Point | 29 January 2017 Merrill Lynch HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_023080